{"id":37877,"date":"2018-01-17T16:54:17","date_gmt":"2018-01-17T15:54:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/oxfordhousebcn.com\/?p=37877"},"modified":"2018-01-18T17:09:05","modified_gmt":"2018-01-18T16:09:05","slug":"myths-and-mysteries-of-the-english-language","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/oxfordhousebcn.com\/en\/myths-and-mysteries-of-the-english-language\/","title":{"rendered":"Myths and Mysteries of the English Language"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify; font-size: 15px;\">Learning another language as an adult can be frustrating. We\u2019re problem-solvers. We look for patterns in language and try to formulate rules. Unfortunately, there\u2019s not always much logic to be found in English.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; font-size: 15px;\">In his book <a href=\"https:\/\/www.goodreads.com\/book\/show\/12567848-the-story-of-english-in-100-words\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">The Story of English in 100 Words<\/a>, linguist David Crystal explains why.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; font-size: 15px;\"><em>\u201cEnglish has been this vacuum cleaner of a language, because of its history meeting up with the Romans and then the Danes, the Vikings and then the French and then the Renaissance with all the Latin and Greek and Hebrew in the background.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; font-size: 15px;\">This big mix makes English frustrating, but also fascinating! In this week\u2019s article we\u2019ll walk you through some of the myths and mysteries of English.<\/p>\n<h1><span style=\"color: #2d346f;\"><strong>Easy grammar?<\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; font-size: 15px;\">At first glance English grammar is a <span style=\"color: #008000;\"><em>walk in the park<\/em><\/span>. Nouns are easy, they just come in two forms (singular and plural). Verbs are too, they don\u2019t have all the complicated conjugations like some languages. There are some <a href=\"https:\/\/learnenglish.britishcouncil.org\/en\/english-grammar\/verbs\/irregular-verbs\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">irregular verbs<\/a>, of course, but once you\u2019ve learnt them, they stay the same whoever you\u2019re talking about!<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; font-size: 15px;\">But take a closer look and you\u2019ll see that things aren\u2019t so simple after all. For example, we often use the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/grammarandbeyond\/grammar-practice-activities\/2015\/03\/describing-the-future-with-the-simple-present\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">present tenses to talk about the future<\/a>:<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-37878\" src=\"https:\/\/oxfordhousebcn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Easy-Grammar.jpg\" alt=\"Myths and Mysteries of the English Language\" width=\"357\" height=\"40\" srcset=\"https:\/\/oxfordhousebcn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Easy-Grammar.jpg 357w, https:\/\/oxfordhousebcn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Easy-Grammar-300x34.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 357px) 100vw, 357px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; font-size: 15px;\">And we can use the future tense for something we\u2019re just about to do:<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-37879\" src=\"https:\/\/oxfordhousebcn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Easy-Grammar-Future-Tense.jpg\" alt=\"Myths and Mysteries of the English Language\" width=\"446\" height=\"46\" srcset=\"https:\/\/oxfordhousebcn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Easy-Grammar-Future-Tense.jpg 446w, https:\/\/oxfordhousebcn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Easy-Grammar-Future-Tense-300x31.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 446px) 100vw, 446px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; font-size: 15px;\">Then there are other forms like <a href=\"http:\/\/www.grammaring.com\/what-is-inversion\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">inversion<\/a>, where the subject and auxiliary verb switch places:<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-37880\" src=\"https:\/\/oxfordhousebcn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Easy-Grammar-Inversion.jpg\" alt=\"Myths and Mysteries of the English Language\" width=\"407\" height=\"37\" srcset=\"https:\/\/oxfordhousebcn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Easy-Grammar-Inversion.jpg 407w, https:\/\/oxfordhousebcn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Easy-Grammar-Inversion-300x27.jpg 300w, https:\/\/oxfordhousebcn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Easy-Grammar-Inversion-398x37.jpg 398w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 407px) 100vw, 407px\" \/><\/p>\n<h1><span style=\"color: #2d346f;\"><strong>Weird place names<\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; font-size: 15px;\">Even when you\u2019ve reached a good level of English, don\u2019t be surprised if you struggle to make sense of English place names. They can be <span style=\"color: #008000;\"><em>utterly<\/em><\/span> confusing!<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; font-size: 15px;\">Some cities in the UK are especially difficult to pronounce and the spelling provides very little help. Have a guess how to pronounce these places below, then click on the link to hear the correct pronunciation for each one.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; font-size: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.collinsdictionary.com\/dictionary\/english\/edinburgh\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Edinburgh<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; font-size: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.collinsdictionary.com\/dictionary\/english\/leicester\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Leicester<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; font-size: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.collinsdictionary.com\/dictionary\/english\/warwick\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Warwick<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; font-size: 15px;\">There are other places in the UK that don\u2019t make any sense at all. Due to the fact that English is made up of a combination of languages, there\u2019s a risk of saying the same thing twice (or three times!). For example, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bredon_Hill\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Bredon Hill<\/a> in England, literally means \u2018Hill Hill Hill\u2019!<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; font-size: 15px;\">Check out this interactive map for more interesting British place names and their meanings:<\/p>\n<p><img class=\"alwaysThinglink\" style=\"max-width: 100%;\" src=\"\/\/cdn.thinglink.me\/api\/image\/763823847823638528\/1024\/10\/scaletowidth#tl-763823847823638528;1043138249'\" \/><script async charset=\"utf-8\" src=\"\/\/cdn.thinglink.me\/jse\/embed.js\"><\/script><br \/>\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h1><span style=\"color: #2d346f;\"><strong>Genderlessness<\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; font-size: 15px;\">It\u2019s true that in Modern English we don\u2019t divide all nouns into masculine and feminine groups. A house is a thing, an \u2018it\u2019 with no gender. But there was <a href=\"https:\/\/www.smartling.com\/blog\/he-she-it-the-long-forgotten-grammatical-gender-of-english\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">grammatical gender in Old English<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; font-size: 15px;\">Even today, we have words that refer exclusively to someone of a particular gender. For example, we say \u2018widow\u2019 for a woman whose husband has died and \u2018widower\u2019 for a man whose wife has died. The same with \u2018waitress\u2019 and \u2018waiter\u2019.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; font-size: 15px;\">However, gender-specific job titles are being used less and less. Instead of \u2018fireman\u2019, we tend to say \u2018firefighter\u2019 and \u2018policeman\u2019 has been replaced by \u2018police officer\u2019.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/ngrams\/interactive_chart?content=fireman%2Cfirefighter&amp;year_start=1940&amp;year_end=2000&amp;corpus=15&amp;smoothing=3&amp;share=&amp;direct_url=t1%3B%2Cfireman%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Cfirefighter%3B%2Cc0\" name=\"ngram_chart\" width=\"900\" height=\"500\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h1><span style=\"color: #2d346f;\"><strong>Surprising suffixes<\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; font-size: 15px;\">Have you ever thought about that little -ly at the end of adverbs? You know&#8230;like \u2018quick<strong>ly<\/strong>\u2019, \u2018careful<strong>ly<\/strong> and \u2018happi<strong>ly<\/strong>\u2019. Well, in fact, it\u2019s an abbreviation of \u2018-like\u2019. The long form of the suffix is rare, but it still exists in words such as <span style=\"color: #008000;\"><em>\u2018lifelike\u2019 and <span style=\"color: #008000;\"><em>\u2018childlike\u2019<\/em><\/span>.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; font-size: 15px;\">And it doesn\u2019t stop there. \u2018Like\u2019 comes from the Old English <em>\u2018lice\u2019<\/em>, meaning \u2018body\u2019. It\u2019s kind of funny that English adverbs use a suffix relating to the body (-ly), whereas Spanish\/Catalan adverbs use a suffix relating to the mind (-mente).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h1><span style=\"color: #2d346f;\"><strong>\u201cI before E except after C\u201d<\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; font-size: 15px;\">This is a <span style=\"color: #008000;\"><em>rule of thumb<\/em><\/span>, intended to help with spelling certain words. Following this rule, \u2018I\u2019 should always precede \u2018E\u2019 (e.g. bel<strong>ie<\/strong>ve and fr<strong>ie<\/strong>nd), except when they come after a \u2018C\u2019 (e.g. rec<strong>ei<\/strong>ve and c<strong>ei<\/strong>ling).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; font-size: 15px;\">That\u2019s great, but there are so many exceptions that the rule is hardly worth learning. For example, what about \u2018eight\u2019, \u2018neighbour\u2019 and \u2018leisure\u2019&#8230;or \u2018efficient\u2019, \u2018society\u2019 and \u2018science\u2019?<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; font-size: 15px;\">Basically, there aren\u2019t any concrete spelling rules for English. So, for every new word, it\u2019s important to check the spelling and learn the right pronunciation. You can do this using an online dictionary like <a href=\"http:\/\/www.wordreference.com\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wordreference<\/a>.<\/p>\n<div class=\"element_size_\"><iframe title=\"Ed Rondthaler on English spelling\" src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/17561068?dnt=1&amp;app_id=122963\" width=\"375\" height=\"250\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"autoplay; fullscreen; picture-in-picture; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; font-size: 25px;\">Frustrating or fascinating?&#8230;you decide!<\/p>\n<div class=\"devider element_size_>\"><div style=\"margin-top:20px;margin-bottom:20px; \" class=\"divider3\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"clear\"><\/div>\n<h1><strong>Glossary for Language Learners<\/strong><\/h1>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; font-size: 15px;\">Find the following words in the article and then write down any new ones you didn\u2019t know.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; font-size: 15px;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><em>a walk in the park (exp):<\/em><\/span> something which is easy to do.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; font-size: 15px;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><em>utterly (adv):<\/em><\/span> absolutely or completely.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; font-size: 15px;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><em>lifelike (adj):<\/em><\/span> representing real life.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; font-size: 15px;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><em>childlike (adj):<\/em><\/span> having the qualities associated with a child.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; font-size: 15px;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><em>rule of thumb (exp):<\/em><\/span> an approximate way of doing or measuring something.<\/p>\n<div class=\"devider element_size_>\"><div style=\"margin-top:20px;margin-bottom:20px; \" class=\"divider1\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"clear\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; font-size: 15px;\"><strong>Key<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; font-size: 15px;\">exp = expression<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; font-size: 15px;\">adv = adverb<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; font-size: 15px;\">adj = adjective<\/p>\n<div class=\"devider element_size_>\"><div style=\"margin-top:20px;margin-bottom:20px; \" class=\"divider1\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"clear\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"messagebox alert alert-info\" style=\"align:left; background:#ffffff; color:#2D346F; border:1px solid #ffffff\"><h4>Study English at Oxford House Barcelona<\/h4><i class=\"icon-info-sign\"><\/i>Interested in taking an English course at Oxford House Barcelona? Check all the different <a href=\"https:\/\/oxfordhousebcn.com\/en\/english-courses\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">English classes<\/a> we can offer you or <a href=\"https:\/\/oxfordhousebcn.com\/en\/contact\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">contact us<\/a> for more information.<\/div><div class=\"clear\"><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Learning another language as an adult can be frustrating. We\u2019re problem-solvers. We look for patterns in language and try to formulate rules. Unfortunately, there\u2019s not always much logic to be found in English. In his book The Story of English in 100 Words, linguist David Crystal explains why. \u201cEnglish has been this vacuum cleaner of [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":25,"featured_media":37884,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_joinchat":[]},"categories":[268],"tags":[984,195,1579],"yst_prominent_words":[1572,1569,1540,1539,1240,1565,1567,1044,1031,1578,1563,1253,1542,1571,1557,1562,1037,1570,1577,1576],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/oxfordhousebcn.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37877"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/oxfordhousebcn.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/oxfordhousebcn.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oxfordhousebcn.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/25"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oxfordhousebcn.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=37877"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/oxfordhousebcn.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37877\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":37904,"href":"https:\/\/oxfordhousebcn.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37877\/revisions\/37904"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oxfordhousebcn.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/37884"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/oxfordhousebcn.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=37877"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oxfordhousebcn.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=37877"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oxfordhousebcn.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=37877"},{"taxonomy":"yst_prominent_words","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oxfordhousebcn.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/yst_prominent_words?post=37877"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}